.png)
| Article title | The Particular in Law and Classification of National Legal Orders in the Second Half of the 18th – the First Third of the 19th Century (towards the Issue of the Genesis of the Comparative Legal Picture of the World) | ||
| Authors |
Doctor of legal sciences, Dotsent, Corresponding member of International Academy of Comparative Law, Director of the Center of Comparative Jurisprudence Volodymyr Koretskyi Institute of State and Law, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) okresin@gmail.com
|
||
| Name of magazine | Legal journal «Law of Ukraine» (Ukrainian version) | ||
| Issue | 3/2019 | ||
| Сторінки | [107-131] | ||
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.33498/louu-2019-03-107 | ||
| Annotation | In recent decades, a question has been raised concerning generalization and comprehension of the elements comprising the special scientific picture of the world pertaining to comparative legal studies and disciplines. In this context, the problem is seen in the imaginary separation of the philosophical foundations underlying comparative legal studies and the classification of legal orders formed on their basis. The article aims at reconstructing the connection between philosophical doctrines, development of philosophy and theory of various sciences and the establishment of the doctrine of the special in law in the context of the establishment of theoretical foundations underlying comparative legal studies, in particular, the genesis of the picture of the world in comparative legal science. The article proves that the idea of the social special in law emerged naturally and ensued from the contradiction between the a priori declaration of the global stadiality of legal development and the study of specific mechanisms through which legal systems interact. To a large extent, this idea was a byproduct, firstly, of the understanding that the importance and the real spreading of religious doctrines and Roman law was non-universal and, secondly, of the regional nature, cultural and other conditionality of the ideas of natural law, thirdly, of the attempt to determine the boundaries of ethnic and cultural traditions of peoples which do not coincide with the borders of States, and fourthly, of the identified unequal connections between different national legal orders. In the second half of the 18th – first third of the 19thcentury the theory was developed about the family of legal systems as the average and most objective unit between the national legal order and the universal legal development of humanity, which is an internally related phenomenon, and the existence of which is materialized in the form of special immanent elements within the framework of national law. The scholars of those times believed that this special in law can be defined as the sum of essential elements and interactions which have developed historically and are common to a certain group of legal orders. This is the highest unit of legal development and the most extensive object of legal science; at the same time, higher-level generalizations are subjective and pertain to the subject matter of philosophy. The range of unresolved issues concerning legal families and their classification over the period under study has already been singled out by some scholars as a field of scientific knowledge. In the singling-out of the special in law, the most developed criterion was the linguistic and cultural one. Besides, some scholars took the following as the basis for defining the separate in law: physical and geographical determinism, areas of spread of religions, affiliation with the Roman legal tradition, division into Western and Eastern law. It is proved that these theories have shown their inconsistency, and also subsidiarity with regard to the theory of legal families.
|
||
| Keywords | comparative jurisprudence; comparative legal studies; scientific picture of the world; legal family; classification of legal systems | ||
| References |
Bibliography
Authored books 1. Czacki T, Czy prawo rzymskie było zasadą praw litewskich i polskich? I czy z połnocnemi narodami mielismy wiele wspolnych praw i zwyczaiow? Rosprawa czytana w Krzemieńcu na otwarciu roku szkolnego 1808 w Gimnazyum Wołyńskiem (Wilno: u J Zawadzkiego 1809) (in Polish). 2. – –, O litewskich i polskich prawach o ich duchu, źrzódłach, związku i o rzeczach zawartych w pierwszym Statucie dla Litwy 1529 r. wydanem, t I (Drukarni JCG Ragoczego 1800) (in Polish). 3. Maciejowski W, Historya prawodawstw słowiańskich, t I (W Księgarniach Brzeziny I Hinrichsa 1832) (in Polish). 4. Mittermaier C, Einleitung in das Studium der Geschichte des germanischen Rechts (bei Joseph Thomann 1812) (in German). 5. Pütter J, Neuer Versuch einer Juristischen Encyclopädie und Methodologie (im Verlag der Wittwe Vandenhoeck 1767) (in German). 6. Rakowiecki I, O stanie cywilnym dawnych slowian. Rzech czytana na publiczném posiedzeniu Towarzystwa Królewskiego Warszawskiego Przyiacoł Nauk dnia 3 Maia 1820 roku (1820) (in Polish). 7. – –, Prawda ruska. ruska; czyli, Prawa wielkiego xięcia Jarosława Władymirowicza, t I (Drukarnia XX Piiarow 1820) (in Polish) 8. – –, Prawda Ruska; czyli prawda wielkiego xie̜cia Jarosława Władymirowicza, t II (Drukarnia XX Piiarów 1822) (in Polish). 9. Bod R, Zabuti nauky. Istoriia humanitarnykh nauk [Forgotten Sciences. The History of Humanities] (Ya Dovhopolov рer, Vydavnytstvo Zhupanskoho 2016) (in Ukrainian). 10. Dvortsov A, Gegel’: zhizn’, dejatel’nost’, uchenie [Hegel: Life, Activities, Doctrine] (Nauka 1972) (in Russian). 11. Hegel G, Lektsii po filosofii istorii [Lectures on the Philosophy of History] (Nauka 2000) (in Russian). 12. – –, O nauchnykh sposobakh issledovaniya estestvennogo prava, ego meste v prakticheskoy filosofii i ego otnoshenii k nauke o pozitivnom prave [On the Scientific Means of Studying Natural Law, its Place in the Practical Philosophy and its Correllation with the Science on Positive Law] (Nauka 1978) (in Russian). 13. – –, Osnovy filosofii prava, abo Pryrodne pravo i derzhavoznavstvo [The Grounds of Philosophy of Law or Natural Law and State Science] (Yunivers 2000) (in Ukrainian). 14. Kant I, Vechnyy mir. Filosofskiy ocherk [Ethernal Peace. Philosophical Scetch] (Tipografiya T-va I D Sytina 1905) (in Russian). 15. Kelli D, Liudskyi vymir buttia: Suspilna dumka v zakhidnii pravovii tradytsii [Human Dimension of Being: Societal Thinking in the Western Legal Tradition] (Bakhva 2002) (in Ukrainian). 16. Kresin O, Stanovlennia teoretychnykh zasad porivnialno-pravovykh doslidzhen u druhii polovyni XVIII – pershii tretyni XIX stolittia: komparatyvna kontseptualizatsiia [Establishment of the Theoretical Foundations of Comparative Legal Studies in the Second Half of the 18th – First Third of the 19th Century: Comparative Conceptualization] (Instytut derzhavy i prava im V M Koretskoho NAN Ukrainy; Lohos 2017) (in Ukrainian). 17. Puchta G, Entsiklopediya prava [Encyclopedia of Law] (Tipografiya G Falk 1872) (in Russian). 18. Rod V, Shliakh filosofii: z XVII po XIX stolittia [The Way of Philosophy: frrom 17th to 19th Centuries] (V Terletskoho, O Viedrova рer, Dukh i Litera 2009) (in Ukrainian). 19. Savigny F, Sistema sovremennogo rimskogo prava [The System of Modern Roman Law], t І (Statut 2011) (in Russian).
Edited books 20. Gans E, ‘A Society to further Jewish integration (1822)’ in Mendes-Flohr P and Reinharz J (ed), The Jew in the modern world: A documentary history (Oxford University Press 1995) (in English). 21. Savigny F, ‘Stimmen für und wider neue Gesetzbücher’ in Zeitschrift für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft (1817) (in German). 22. – –, ‘N Th v Gönner. Über Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft in unserer Zeit’ (ben Palm 1815) (in German). 23. Emikh V, ‘Eduard Gans o prave, ego proiskhozhdenii i razvitii’ [‘Edward Hans on Law, Its Origin and Development’] v Kresin O i Sytar I (red), Istoriia porivnialnoho pravoznavstva yak sfera naukovykh doslidzhen: zbirnyk naukovyh prats [History of Comparative Jurisprudence as an Area of Scientific Research: Collected Scientific Works] (Liha-pres 2015) (in Russian). 24. Erasov B, ‘Tsivilizatsiya: slovo – termin – teoriya’ [‘Civilization: Word – Term – Theory’] v Erasov B (sost), Sravnitelnoye izucheniye tsivilizatsiy: Khrestomatiya [Comparative Study of Civilizations: a Reader] (Aspekt Press 1999) (in Russian). 25. Falk N, ‘Razlichiya v prave i sravnitelnoye pravovedeniye’ [‘Differences in Law and Comparative Jurisprudence’] v Shemshuchenko Yu and Lazur Ya (red), Suchasni problemy porivnialnoho pravoznavstva: zbirnyk naukovyh prats [Modern Issues of Comparative Jurisprudence: Collected Scientific Works] (Hoverla 2015) (in Russian). 26. – –, ‘Predisloviye izdatelya’ [‘Publisher’s Foreword’] v Gegel G V F, Lektsii po filosofii istorii [Lectures on the Philosophy of History] (Nauka 2000) (in Russian). 27. – –, ‘Predisloviye k rabote “Nasledstvennoye pravo vo vsemirno-istoricheskom razvitii. Sochineniye po universalnoy istorii prava”’ [‘Foreword to the Work “Inheritance Law in the Global Historical Development. An Essay on the Universal History of Law”] v O Kresin (red), Filosofiia porivnialnoho pravoznavstva: zbirnyk naukovyh [Philosophy of Comparative Jurisprudence: Collected Scientific Works] (Liha-pres 2015) (in Russian). 28. Herder J, ‘Mova i natsionalna indyvidualnist’ [‘Language and National Identity’] v Natsionalizm: Antolohiia [Nationalism: Anthology] (Smoloskyp 2000) (in Ukrainian). 29. Humboldt V, ‘O sravnitelnom izuchenii yazykov primenitelno k razlichnym epokham ikh razvitiya’ [‘On the Comparative Study of Languages in Relation to Different Epochs of Their Development’] v Zvegintsev V, Istoriya yazykoznaniya XIX–XX vekov v ocherkakh i izvlecheniyakh [History of Linguistics of the 19th–20th Centuries in Essays and Extracts], сh І (Prosveshcheniye 1964) (in Russian). 30. Mikeshina L, ‘Nauchnaya kartina mira kak mirovozzrencheskaya forma znaniya’ [‘Scientific Picture of the World as a Worldview Form of Knowledge’] v Dyshlevyy P, V Lukianets (otv red), Nauchnaya kartina mira: logiko-gnoseologicheskiy aspekt: sbornik nauchyh trudov [Scientific Picture of the World: Logical and Epistemological Aspect] (Naukova dumka 1983) (in Russian). 31. Zaharia K, ‘Pro pryznachennia “Krytychnoho chasopysu pravovoi nauky ta zakonodavstva zarubizhnykh krain” [‘On the Purpose of “Critical Journal of Legal Science and Legislation of Foreign Countries”’] v Shemshuchenko Yu ta Lazur Ya (red), Suchasni problemy porivnialnoho pravoznavstva: zbirnyk naukovyh prats [Modern Issues of Comparative Jurisprudence: Collected Scientific Works] (Hoverla 2015) (in Ukrainian).
Encyclopedias 32. Stepin V, ‘Nauchnaya kartina mira’ [‘Scientific Picture of the World’] v Kasavin I (gl red), Entsiklopediya epistemologii i filosofii nauki [Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science] (Kanon+. ROOI “Reabilitatsiya” 2009) (in Russian).
Journal articles 33. Beaud O, ‘L’Essai contre la codification ou le refus d’un droit uniforme pour l’Allemagne tout entière. Considérations sur l’impensé “territorial” dans la pensée juridique de Savigny’ (2009) 1 Annuaire de l’Institut Michel Villey (in French). 34. Ewald W, ‘Comparative Jurisprudence: What Was it Like to Try a Rat?’ (1995) 143 University of Pennsylvania law review (in English). 35. Rückert J, ‘The Unrecognized Legacy: Savigny’s Influence on German Jurisprudence after 1900’ [1989] 37(1) The American Journal of Comparative Law (in English). 36. Feuerbach P, ‘Ideia ta neobkhidnist universalnoi yurydychnoi nauky. Pryrodne pravo, filosofiia prava, zahalne pravoznavstvo’ [‘The Idea and Necessity of Universal Legal Science. Natural Law, Philosophy of Law, General Legal Science’] (2012) 1-2 Porivnialno-pravovi doslidzhennia (in Ukrainian). 37. – –, ‘Pohliad na nimetske pravoznavstvo’ [‘The View on the German Legal Science’] 2011 (2) Porivnialno-pravovi doslidzhennia (in Ukrainian). 38. Mohnhaupt H, ‘Universalnaya istoriya prava i sravneniye u Eduarda Gansa’ [‘Universal History of Law and Comparison by Edward Hans’] [2015] 15(4) Nauchnyy ezhegodnik Instituta filosofii i prava Uralskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk (in Russian). 39. Petryshyn O, ‘Problemy sotsializatsii prava ta sotsiolohizatsii pravovoi nauky’ [Aspects of law socialization and legal science socioligization] (2011) 8 Pravo Ukrainy (in Ukrainian). 40. Timkovskiy I, ‘O primenenii znaniy k sostoyaniyu i tseli gosudarstva’ [‘On applying a knowledge to the state and the goal of the State’] v Rechi, govorennyye v torzhestvennom godovom sobranii Imperatorskogo Kharkovskogo universiteta. byvshem 17 yanvarya 1808 goda [Speeches Delivered at the Solemn Annual Meeting of the Imperial Kharkiv University held on January 17, 1808] (Universitetskaya tipografiya 1808) (in Russian).
Thesis 41. Aslamov N. ‘Filosofiya istorii nemetskoy istoricheskoy shkoly prava’ [‘The Philosophy of Law of German Historical School of Law’] (diss kand filos nauk, 2012) (in Russian).
|
||
|
|||
