| Annotation |
The key point of the second stage of the Ukrainian judicial and constitutional reform may be seen as the adoption of the long-awaited amendments to the procedural legislation (particularly, to the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine, the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine, and the Code of Administrative Court Procedure of Ukraine) which have entered into force on December 15, 2017, the starting date of operation of the Supreme Court. The said amendments also affected the procedure according to which the courts of the judicial system may apply to the Supreme Court in case they come to the opinion on the unconstitutionality of the laws which should be applied to contested relations. The article studies which opportunities are available to a person (via the interdisciplinary, systemic and modeling methods) for protecting of an infringed constitutional right due to the presence of certain provisions of laws with the contents which are regarded by this person as inconsistent with the Constitution of Ukraine, as early as at the stage of court protection subject to civil jurisdiction. The purpose of the article is to study the advantages and risks of the procedure according to which a court being a part of the judicial system may apply to the Supreme Court following the opinion of the court handling the case on the unconstitutionality of the law which should be applied to the contested relations. The author provides rationale for the actual introduction of the presumption of non-legal law, emphasizes the risk of a diminished direct action of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, and also the leveling of the constitutional principle of the rule of law and the binding nature of the passed court decision, and also the disturbed balance of separation of powers. The author formulates a conclusion that the normative entrenchment of further direct procedural actions which a court should follow if it intends to apply to the Plenum of the Supreme Court with the aim of making a submission to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (CCU) on the unconstitutionality of the law which falls under the CCU jurisdiction, are essentially unacceptable and undermine the independence of the decision passed by the court and will further lead to a re-assessment of this decision on the merits by way out of the established procedure (in the quasi-procedural manner). This opinion is based on the fact that the Plenum of the Supreme Court is not a judicial body which reviews a case on the merits according to the established procedure. It is stated that a court which is a part of the judicial system of the lowest level acts as an improper subject to form an opinion on the unconstitutionality of a law, but not on the doubts about it, and indicates this in a particular court decision on the merits of a civil dispute before the constitutional proceedings are opened in this case. |
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References
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REFERENCES
List of legal documents
Legislation
1. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy [Constitution of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of
Ukraine] vid 28 chervnia 1996 r. № 254k/96-VR. URL: http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/
show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80 (accessed: 01.09.2018) (in Ukrainian).
2. Pro vnesennia zmin do Hospodarskoho protsesualnoho kodeksu Ukrainy, Tsyvilnogo
protsesualnoho kodeksu Ukrainy, Kodeksu administratyvnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy
ta inshyh zakonodavchyh aktiv [On Amendments to the Commercial Procedural Code
of Ukraine, the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine, the Code of Administrative Legal
Proceedings of Ukraine and other Legislative Acts]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine]
vid 3 zhovtnia 2017 r. № 2147-VIII. Holos Ukrainy. 2017. № 221-222 (in Ukrainian).
3. Tsyvilnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine]: Zakon
Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 18 bereznia 2004 r. Holos Ukrainy. 2004. № 89
(in Ukrainian).
4. Pro vidmovu u zvernenni do Konstytuciinoho Sudu Ukrainy z konstytuciinym
podanniam shhodo vidpovidnosti (konstytuciinosti) punktu 3 rozdilu II “Prykintsevi
ta perehidni polozhennia” Zakonu Ukrainy vid 6 grudnia 2016 r. № 1774-VIII “Pro
vnesennia zmin do deiakyh zakonodavchyh aktiv Ukrainy” polozhenniam chastyny
pershoii statti 8, chastyny tretoi statti 22, chastyn pershoii ta drugoii statti 24, chastyny
pershoii statti 126, statti 130 Konstytutsii Ukrainy [On Dismissal of the Appeal to
the Constitutional Court of Ukraine by Way of the Constitutional Submission on the
Compliance (Constitutionality) of Clause 3, Section II “Final and Transitional Provisions”
of the Law of Ukraine Dated December 06, 2016 No. 1774-VIII “On Amendments to
Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine” with Provision of Part One of Article 8, Part Three
of Article 22, Parts One and Two of Article 24, Part One of Article 126, Article 130 of
the Constitution of Ukraine]: postanova Plenumu Verkhovnoho Sudu [Decree of the
Plenum of the Supreme Court] vid 30 bereznia 2018 r. URL: https://supreme.court.gov.
ua/supreme/pro_sud/postanova_plenumu_13/ (accessed: 01.09.2018) (in Ukrainian).
5. Pro vidmovu u zvernenni do Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy z konstytutsiinym
podanniam shchodo vidpovidnosti (konstytutsiinosti) chastyny druhoi statti 28 Zakonu
Ukrainy vid 09 lypnia 2003 roku № 1058-IV “Pro zahalnooboviazkove derzhavne
pensiine strakhuvannia” ta chastyny tretoi statti 28 Zakonu Ukrainy vid 9 lypnia
2003 roku № 1058-IV “Pro zahalnooboviazkove derzhavne pensiine strakhuvannia”
u redaktsii Zakonu Ukrainy vid 3 zhovtnia 2017 roku № 2148-VIII “Pro vnesennia
zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo pidvyshchennia pensii”
polozhenniam chastyny pershoi statti 8, chastyn pershoi ta tretoi statti 46 Konstytutsii
Ukrainy [On Dismissal of the Appeal to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine by Way
of the Constitutional Submission on the Compliance (Constitutionality) of Part Two
of Article 28 of the Law of Ukraine Dated July 09, 2003 No. 1058-IV “On Mandatory
State Pension Insurance” and Part Three of Article 28 of the Law of Ukraine Dated
July 09, 2003 No. 1058-IV “On Mandatory State Pension Insurance” as Amended by
the Law of Ukraine Dated October 03, 2017 No. 2148-VIII “On Amendments to Some
Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Increase of Pensions” with Provision of Part
One of Article 8, Parts One and Three of Article 46 of the Constitution of Ukraine]:
Postanova Plenumu Verkhovnogo Sudu [Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme
Court] vid 30 bereznia 2018 r. URL: https://supreme.court.gov.ua/supreme/pro_sud/
postanova_plenumu_14/ (acces sed: 01.09.2018) (in Ukrainian).
Bibliography
Journal articles
6. Berchenko A, ‘Eshhe raz o probleme prava y zakona’ [‘Once Again on the Issue of Right
and Law’] (1999) 3/4 Zhurnal rossyjskogo prava 80 (in Russian).
Websites
7. ‘Dmytryj Luspenyk podelylsya ozhydanyyamy ot rezultatov rassmotrenyya
konstytucyonnyh zhalob’ [‘Dmitrii Luspenik Has Shared His Expectations of the
Outcome of the Constitutional Complaints’] (Sudebno-yuridicheskaya gazeta, 17 aprelya
2018) <https://sud.ua/ru/news/publication/117430-dmitriy-luspenik-podelilsya-ozhidaniyami-
ot-rezultatov-rassmotreniya-konstitutsionnykh-zhalob> accessed 1 Septem ber
2018 (in Russian).
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