| Annotation |
Currently the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (CCU) has opened 30 proceedings based on constitutional complaints (out of 1,068 complaints filed), and panels of judges or senates mostly rule on declining the proceedings. In recent years, scientific and practical aspects pertaining to the functioning of the constitutional complaint have come into a significantly increased focus at the level of numerous conferences, seminars, round tables, and special studies on this issue have begun to appear. The purpose of this article is to find out the typical reasons which entail the decline to open the proceedings when a constitutional complaint is filed, to identify theoretical and practical challenges of application of the Law of Ukraine “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine” and to formulate the proposals for improving the practice of dealing with and the quality of preparation of constitutional complaints as such. In most cases, the court declines to open constitutional proceedings in cases based on cl. 4 of Part 1, Article 62 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”. The typical cases which the panels and the senates qualify as a violation, are: 1) citation without argument; 2) arguments about unconstitutionality of a particular provision, not the entire law; 3) disagreement with a court decision or legislative regulation; 4) reference only to a judgment of the European Court of Human Rights; 5) lack of legislative regulation and legislative inconsistency, ambiguity; 6) no demonstration of any connection between a provision of law and restriction of a right; 7) proof that application of a provision is characterized by ambiguity; 8) the claim has other acts (and also actions or omissions) and not the law as its subject matter. The position of self-restraint, which is quite appropriate in case of constitutional submissions and applications, seems too formal in dealing with constitutional complaints. A constitutional complaint is largely considered by the constitutionalist and the legislator in terms of public significance, public interest, and is characterized by its focus on the protection of human rights. While dealing with a constitutional complaint, CCU is entitled to recognize that a provision is constitutional, and also to assess its interpretation practice which may be inconsistent with the Constitution of Ukraine. |
| References |
List of legal documents
Legislation
1. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy [Constitution of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 28 chervnia 1996 r. № 254k/96-VR (zi zminamy). URL: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/254k/96-vr (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
2. Konventsiia pro zakhyst prav liudyny i osnovopolozhnykh svobod [Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms] vid 4 lystopada 1950 r. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004 (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
3. Pro Konstytutsiinyi Sud Ukrainy [On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid13 lypnia 2017 r. № 2136-VIII. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 2017. № 35. St. 376 (in Ukrainian).
Сases
4. Konstytutsiini skarhy, shcho nadiishly do Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy za stanom na 1 lystopada 2018 r. [Constitutional Complaints Received by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as of November 1, 2018]. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/novyna/ konstytuciyni-skargy-shcho-nadiyshly-do-konstytuciynogo-sudu-ukrayiny-za-stanomna- 1-0 (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
5. Okrema dumka suddi Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy Lytvynova O. M. [Separate Opinion of the Judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine Lytvynova O. M.].
URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/20-y_i_2018_1.pdf (accessed:
31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
6. Okrema dumka suddi Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy M. I. Melnyka [Separate Opinion of the Judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine M. I. Melnik]. URL: http://www.ccu. gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/19-y_i_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
7. Okrema dumka suddi Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy Melnyka M. I. [Separate Opinion of the Judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine Melnik M. I.]. URL: http:// www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/20-y_i_2018_2.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
8. Pro Kontseptsiiu novoi Konstytutsii Ukrainy [On the Concept of the New Constitution of Ukraine]: postanova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainskoi RSR [Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR] vid 19 chervnia 1991 r. № 1213-XII. URL: http://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1213-12 (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
9. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 liutoho 1998 r. № 1-rp/98. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ v001p710-98 (accessed: 12.12.2018).
10. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 21 hrudnia 2017 r. № 3-r/2017. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v003p710-17?lang=ru (accessed: 12.12.2018).
11. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 1 chervnia 2016 r. № 2-rp/2016. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v002p710-16 (accessed: 12.12.2018).
12. Ukhvala Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 10 zhovtnia 2018 r. № 45-u(II)/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/45_u_2_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
13. Ukhvala Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 chervnia 2018 r. № 23-u(II)/2018. URL: http://ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/23-u_2_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
14. Ukhvala Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 veresnia 18 № 36-u(II)/2018 vid 28 hrudnia 2014 r. № 76-VIII. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/ docs/36_y_2_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
15. Ukhvala Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 6 chervnia 2018 r. № 18-u(II)/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/18-y_2_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
16. Ukhvala Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 6 chervnia 2018 r. № 18-u(II)/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/18-y_2_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
17. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 kvitnia 2018 r. № 157-2(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/157-22_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
18. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 20 kvitnia 2018 r. № 121-2(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/121-2ii2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
19. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 kvitnia 2018 r. № 158-2(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/158-22_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
20. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 kvitnia 2018 r. № 161-2(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/161_2_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
21. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 26 kvitnia 2018 r. № 159-2(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/159-2-ii.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
22. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 24 kvitnia 2018 r. № 137-2(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/137_2_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
23. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 22 travnia 2018 r. № 175-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/175-21_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
24. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 17 kvitnia 2018 r. № 103-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/103_2_i_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
25. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 17 kvitnia 2018 r. № 105-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/105_2_i_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
26. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 18 kvitnia 2018 r. № 114-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/114_21_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
27. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 5 kvitnia 2018 r. № 29-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/29-2i2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
28. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 6 kvitnia 2018 r. № 45-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/45-2i2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
29. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 25 kvitnia 2018 r. № 29-2(I)/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/ default/files/docs/29-2i2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
30. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 18 kvitnia 2018 r. № 112-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/112_21_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
31. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 6 kvitnia 2018 r. № 36-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/36-2i2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
32. Ukhvala Druhoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Second Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 17 kvitnia 2018 r. № 102-2(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/102_2_i_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
33. Ukhvala Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 27 chervnia 2000 r. № 2-up/2000. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v002u710-00 (accessed: 12.12.2018).
34. Ukhvala Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 13 chervnia 2018 r. № 21-y(I)/2018.
URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/21-yi_2018.pdf (accessed:
31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
35. Ukhvala Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 13 chervnia 2018 r. № 20-u(I)/2018.
URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/20-y_2018.pdf (accessed:
31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
36. Ukhvala Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 13 chervnia 2018 r. № 19-u(I)/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/19-y_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
37. Ukhvala Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 19 veresnia 2018 r. № 33-y(I)/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/33_y_1_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
38. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 25 kvitnia 2018 r. № 153-1(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/153_1_i_2018. pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
39. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 4 kvitnia 2018 r. № 9-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/9_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
40. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 5 kvitnia 2018 r. № 23-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/23_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
41. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 5 kvitnia 2018 r. № 24-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/24_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
42. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 4 kvitnia 2018 r. № 11-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/11_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
43. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 10 kvitnia 2018 r. № 47-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/47_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
44. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 4 kvitnia 2018 r. № 3-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/3_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
45. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 11 kvitnia 2018 r. № 53-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/53_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
46. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Druhoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of Judges of the Second Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 4 kvitnia 2018 r. № 7-1(II). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/7_1_ii_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
47. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 24 kvitnia 2018 r. № 126-1(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/ docs/126_1_i_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
48. Ukhvala Pershoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the First Panel of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 24 kvitnia 2018 r. № 127-1(I) URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/127- 1_i_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
49. Ukhvala Tretoi kolehii suddiv Pershoho senatu Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Third Panel of Judges of the First Senate of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 12 kvitnia 2018 r. № 67-3(I). URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/ docs/67_31_2018.pdf (accessed: 31.10.2018) (in Ukrainian).
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