According to the findings of the analysis of the investigative and court practice materials, the authors note that merely up to 5% of the results of covert investigative (detective) actions (hereinafter - CIDA) are used as evidence in the criminal process, and in some oblasts of Ukraine this figure barely reaches 3%. The authors conclude that one of the reasons for the low rate of CIDA results use as proof in the criminal process is the imperfection seen in the procedural form of certain covert means of obtaining evidence in criminal proceedings and, particularly, such CIDA as detention of correspondence, obtaining of information from transport telecommunication networks and monitoring of bank accounts which evoke the largest difficulties in the law application activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the challenging issues inherent in the procedural form of detention of correspondence, obtaining of information from transport telecommunication networks and monitoring of bank accounts as a means of obtaining evidence in the criminal process. The authors demonstrate that the provisions of Articles 261 and 262 of the Ukrainian Code of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter – the CCrP of Ukraine) prescribe the procedural arrangements for one CIDA – detention of correspondence. It is noted that the purpose for which this covert means is used– obtaining of evidence – may be achieved only by consistently making the detention, inspection, and if necessary – by seizure of correspondence, all of them in their entirety being the stages of making a relevant CIDA, the procedural arrangements for which are enshrined in several articles of the CCrP of Ukraine. The article proves that if criminal case materials contain sufficient grounds to believe that postal and telegraphic correspondence important for pre-trial investigation will be transferred by a certain person via a postal operator, before making the detention of such correspondence video monitoring of this person should be held with the aim of establishing a post office which will be used by the person. It is emphasized that the identification telecommunication card used to identify a subscriber’s terminal equipment in the telecommunications network (SIM-card, USIM-card, R-UIM-card, etc.), does not allow to identify a subscriber – a person using such a card, since today in Ukraine there is no legislative requirement to sign a written contract of mobile communication services. The article indicates that such a card may be changed and the terminal equipment may be used not only by the person regarding whom CIDA are made, but also by other persons, family members, friends, acquaintances, etc. Thus, as can be seen from the results of the practice materials analysis, it is virtually impossible to provide the data which would uniquely identify the subscriber and not the terminal equipment used by him/her. The authors suggest that the first sentence of Part 4, Article 263 of the CCrP of Ukraine be set forth as follows: “Obtaining of information from transport telecommunication networks shall be within the responsibility of the authorized units of the bodies of the National Police, the State Bureau of Investigation, security agencies and the National AntiCorruption Bureau of Ukraine”. The authors note the need for appropriate verification whether the bank accounts subject to monitoring are really held by a person who commits criminal acts using such accounts. The authors suggest making more specific the provisions of Part 1, Article 2691 of the CCrP of Ukraine and authorizing investigators (detectives) and prosecutors of any pre-trial investigation and prosecution bodies to monitor bank accounts within criminal proceedings.

List of legal documents 
 

Legislation 
1. Instruktsiia pro orhanizatsiiu provedennia nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii ta vykorystannia yikh rezultativ u kryminalnomu provadzhenni [Guidance for Organization of Covert Investigative (Detective) Actions and Use of the Results Thereof in Criminal Proceedings]: nakaz Heneralnoi Prokuratury Ukrainy, Ministerstva Vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy, Sluzhby Bezpeky Ukrainy, Administratsii Derzhanoi prykordonnoi sluzhby Ukrainy, Ministerstva finansiv Ukrainy, Ministerstva yustytsii Ukrainy [Order of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine, the Interior Ministry of Ukraine,the Security Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Administration of the State Border Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine] № 114/1042/516/1199/936/1681/51 vid 16 lystopada 2012 r. URL: http://zakon4.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/v0114900-12 (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
2. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy [Constitution of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 28 chervnia 1996 r. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96- %D0%B2%D1%80 (accessed 30.09.2018). 
3. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 13 kvitnia 2012 r. № 4651-VI. URL: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4651-17 (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
4. Pravyla nadannia posluh poshtovoho zviazku [Rules for providing postal services], zatv. Postanovoiu Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine] vid 5 bereznia 2009 r. № 270. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/270- 2009-p (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
5. Pro poshtovyi zviazok [About the postal service]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 04 zhovtnia 2001 r. № 2759-III. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2759-14 (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
6. Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo zabezpechennia diialnosti Natsionalnoho antykoruptsiinoho biuro Ukrainy ta Natsionalnoho ahentstva z pytan zapobihannia koruptsii [On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine to Ensure the Activities of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine and the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 12 liutoho 2015 № 198-VIII. URL: http://zakon.rada. gov.ua/go/198-19 (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
7. Proekt Zakonu pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy (shchodo diialnosti Natsionalnoho antykoruptsiinoho biuro Ukrainy) [Draft Law on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine (on the activities of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine)] vid 14 chervnia 2016 r. № 4812. URL: http:// w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=59404 (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
8. Proekt Zakonu pro vnesennia zminy do statti 263 Kryminalnoho protsesualnoho kodeksu Ukrainy shchodo nadannia pidrozdilam Natsionalnoho antykoruptsiinoho biuro Ukrainy prava na zniattia informatsii z transportnykh telekomunikatsiinykh merezh [Draft Law amending the Article 263 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the provision to the departments of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine of the right to withdraw information from transport telecommunication networks] vid 25 travnia 2016 r. № 4721. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/ webproc4_1?pf3511=59225 (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian). 
 

Bibliography 
 

Authored books 
9. Bagriy M, Lutsuk V. Protsesualni aspekty nehlasnoho otrymannia informatsii: vitchyznianyi ta zarubizhnyi dosvid [Procedural aspects of secret information, domestic and foreign experience] (Kharkiv, Pravo 2017) 376 (in Ukrainian). 
10. Kolesnyk V, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii: kryminalno-protsesualni ta kryminalistychni aspekty pidhotovky i provedennia: naukovo-praktychnyi posibnyk [Covert investigative (search) actions: criminal procedure and forensic aspects of the preparation and conduct, scientific and practical guide (Pretsedent, 2014) 135 (in Ukranian). 
11. Tahiiev S, Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii u kryminalnomu sudochynstvi Ukrainy: [Covert investigative (search) actions in criminal proceedings Ukraine] (Dakor, 2015) 440 (in Ukranian). 

Edited books 
12. Grutcenko S, Drozdov O, Kudinov S (red). Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii ta vykorystannia rezultativ operatyvno-rozshukovoi diialnosti u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: navchalno-praktychnyi posibnyk [Covert investigation (search) operation and use of the results of operational activities in criminal proceedings, educational and practical guide] (Kharkiv, Pravo 2018) 540 (in Ukrainian). 
13. Kivalov S, Mishchenko S, Zakharchenko V. (red) Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy: naukovo-praktychnyi komentar [Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine: scientific and practical commentary] (Odissei 2013) 1104 (in Ukranian). 
14. TatsIy V, Pshonka V, Portnov A (red), KrimInalniy protsesualniy kodeks Ukrayini: naukovo-praktichniy komentar: u 2 tomah [Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine: scientific and practical commentary] (Pravo 2012 T 1) 768 (in Ukranian). 
15. Kaplina O, Shilo O (red), Kryminalnyi protses: pidruchnyk [Criminal process: textbook] (Pravo, 2018) 584 (in Ukranian). 

Articles 
16. Gribov M, ‘Provedennia nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii shchodo osoby za yii zghodoiu’ [‘Conducting covert investigative (search) action against a person for his or her consent’] (2018) 1 (106) Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 87-95 (in Ukranian). 
17. Pohoretskyi M, ‘Vprovadzhennia instytutu nehlasnykh (rozshukovykh) slidchykh dii v pravozastosovnu praktyku’ [‘Implementation covert institute (search) investigation to law enforcement’] (2012) 2 (28) Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka) 56-63 (in Ukranian). 
18. Pohoretskyi M, ‘Nehlasni slidchi (rozshukovi) dii: problemy provadzhennia ta vykorystannia rezultativ u dokazuvanni’ [‘Covert investigative (search) actions, proceedings and usage problems in proving results’] (2013) 1 Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 270-277 (in Ukranian). 
19. Serhieieva D, ‘Vykorystannia rezultativ zniattia informatsii z transportnykh telekomunikatsiinykh merezh yak dokaziv u kryminalnomu provadzhenni’ [‘Use of results of removal of information from transport telecommunication networks as evidence in criminal proceedings’] (2014) 11 Pravo Ukrainy 209-218 (in Ukranian). 
20. Serhieieva D, ‘Vykorystannia rezultativ nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii dlia otrymannia okremykh vydiv dokaziv u kryminalnomu provadzhenni: problemni pytannia’ [‘Use of the results of tacit investigation (search) actions to obtain certain types of evidence in a criminal proceeding: problematic issues’] (2017) 12 Pravo Ukrainy 49-61 (in Ukranian). 
21. Serhieieva D, Starenkyi O, ‘Vykorystannia rezultativ nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii dlia provedennia tymchasovoho dostupu do rechei i dokumentiv’ [‘Use of results of сovert investigation (search) actions for temporal access to things and documents’] (2015) 4 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 70–80 (in Ukranian). 
22. Starenkyi O, ‘Tsutskiridze M, Vykorystannia nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii yak zasobiv dokazuvannia v kryminalnomu provadzhenni na dosudovomu rozsliduvanni’ [‘Use of сovert investigative (search) actions as means of proof in criminal proceedings at pre-trial investigation’] (2015) 1 Pravo Ukrainy 2015 152–161 (in Ukranian). 
23. Tatarov O, ‘Instytut nehlasnykh slidchykh (rozshukovykh) dii: problemy protydii zlochynnosti’ [‘Institute of covert investigative (search) action: challenges of combating crime’] (2015) 3 Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav 25-32 (in Ukranian). 
24. Pohoretskyi M, Starenkyi O, ‘Zniattia informatsii z transportnykh telekomunikatsiinykh merezh yak zasib otrymannia dokaziv u kryminalnomu provadzheni’ [‘Interception of telecommunications transport networks as a means of obtaining evidence in criminal proceedings’] (2015) 5 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 120-128 (in Ukranian). 
25. Iskenderov E, Zniattia informatsii z transportnykh telekomunikatsiinykh merezh yak zasib otrymannia dokaziv operatyvnymy pidrozdilamy [Removal of information from transport telecommunication networks as a means of obtaining evidence by operational units] (2016) 4 Visnyk kryminalnoho sudochynstva 33-39 (in Ukranian). 

Websites 
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34. ‘Reitynh koruptsii E&Y: Ukraina na pershomu mistsi sered 41 krainy’ [‘Corruption rate E&Y: Ukraine ranked first among 41 countries’] Ofitsiinyi sait “Liga.net” <http://news. liga.net/ua/news/politics/14730211-reyting_korupts_e_y_ukra_na_na_pershomu_m_ sts_sered_41_kra_ni.htm> (accessed 30.09.2018) (in Ukrainian).