As a concept, electronic government is directed to improving the efficiency of the activity of the state institutions and improving the living standards of citizens. Formation of the electronic state determines the pace of development of human rights and freedoms in accordance with the requirements of the time, among which the rights of information are of particular importance. However, in a situation where the completeness, accessibility and confidentiality of information is not fully ensured, there are obstacles to the realization of information rights. Therefore, the organization of information security is one of the means of guaranteeing information rights. In this regard, information security should be analyzed not only from technical aspect but also from human rights law. These highlights confirm the relevance of the topic of the article.

The article’s objective is to analyze the notions “e-government”, “e-parliament” and “e-court”, to list priorities of e-state from aspect of human rights and freedoms provision, to determine the legal, theoretical and technical approaches to the information security in various models of e-government, to define difference between electronic security or information security, to research the importance of e-governance from the human rights aspect and to put forward suggestions about protection of information rights violated in cyberspace.

The authors conclude that, full access to information, in new society ensures information and other rights and freedoms. Therefore, the lack of information security or low level of information security prevents the e-government from benefiting its citizens. One such barrier is considered an electronic divide or digital divide. Due to the global nature of cyberspace and information society, these problems should be solved not only at national level but also internationally. Above all, security should not be taken from the technical aspect. This prevents problems from being solved. Information security should also be analyzed as a legal institution, and the distinction between the terms “information protection” and “information defence” should be clarified. The legal aspect of the matter should be expressed. Thus, the authors conclude with an optimistic approach that elimination the problems arising during the formation of e-government will serve both to promote basic human rights and freedoms, and to make every citizen an active member of the digital society.

Bibliography

Edited books

1. Al-Hashmi Asma and Darem Abdul Basit, ‘Understanding Phases of E-government Project’ in Sahu G P (ed), Emerging Technologies in E-Government (Gift Publishing 2009) (in English).

2. Alshehri and Drew S, ‘Implementation of e-Government: Advantages and Challenges’ in International association for scientific knowledge (IASK) E-ALT Conference proceedings (2010) (in English).

Journal articles

3. Demirel D, ‘E-Devlet ve Dünya Örnekleri’ (2006) 61 Sayıştay Dergisi 94 (in Turkish).

4. Yıldız M, ‘Uluslararası Kuruluşların Türkiye nin E-devlet Siyasalarına Etkisi’ [2007] 40 Amme İdaresi Dergisi 39 (in Turkish).

Newspaper articles

5. Heeks R, ‘Understanding e-Governance for Development’ (2001) 11 iGovernment Working Paper <https://ssrn.com/abstract=3540058> (accessed: 22.03.2020) (in English).

6. Meinardus R, ‘The Political Impact of the Internet’ Business World Internet Edition (March 26, 2003, and March 27, 2003) (in English).

Websites

7. ‘E-Government Handbook for Developing Countries’ (A Project of InfoDev and The Center for Democracy & Technology) <http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/ InfodevDocuments_16.pdf> (accessed: 22.03.2020) (in English).

8. Creation of a global culture of cybersecurity: resolution, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 57/239, 31 January 2003 <https://www.itu.int/ ITU-D/cyb/cybersecurity/docs/UN_resolution_57_239.pdf> (accessed: 22.03.2020) (in English).

9. ‘United Nations Global E-Government Survey’ (2003) <https://publicadministration. un.or g / p u b l ic a t ions/content/PDFs/E-Library%20Archives/UN%20 E-Government%20Survey%20series/UN%20E-Government%20Survey%202003. pdf> (accessed: 22.03.2020) (in English).

10. United States. General Accounting Office (Electronic Government: Federal Initiatives Are Evolving Rapidly but They Face Significant Challenges, 22.05.2000) <https://digital. library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc290097> (accessed: 22.03.2020) (in English).

11. ‘World e-Parliament Report 2018’ <https://www.ipu.org/file/5920/download> (accessed: 22.03.2020) (in English).