One of the legal problems is lack of research on the nature, structure and development of application of private law remedies, which prevent offences, based on materials of Germany and Ukraine. Scientific uncertainty restrains the use of these means for regulation of civil turnover, protection of rights of citizens and strengthening the rule of law.

The purpose of the article is a comparative research of private law remedies, which prevent offences, on the materials of Germany and Ukraine in order to prove the legality of their expansion in the Ukrainian context.

The results of the research show that in Germany and in the USA, the use of private law remedies for prevention of offences is increasing. In Ukraine, the doctrine, legislation and judicial practice do not support it. Preventive redress is hindered by the lack of such practice, which exists in Germany.

The structure of private law remedies is conventionally defined by two main directions of their use. They are the involvement of an increasing number of natural and legal persons on private law principles in prevention and the use of rules of private law in prevention (including in public legal acts). Private law remedies – compensation for damages, introduction of various types of private law controls, involvement of private services and the private sector in general in certain public functions – correspond to the nature of private law and are applied in accordance with its principles. Interpenetration of remedies enhances preventive measures and does not change the existing inter-branch balance.

Bibliography

Authored books

1. Albrecht P-A, Die vergessene Freiheit – Strafrechtsprinzipien in der europäischen Sicherheitsdebatte (2003) (in German).

2. Brockmeier D, Punitive damages, multiple damages und deutscher ordre public (1999) (in German).

3. Ebert I, Pönale Elemente im deutschen Privatrecht Von der Renaissance der Privatstrafe im deutschen Recht (2004) (in German).

4. Honsell H, Schweizerisches Haftpflichtrecht (2005) (in German).

5. Mörsdorf-Schulte J, Sympathie für Punitive Damages (NJW 2006) (in German).

6. Müller P, Punitive damages und deutsches Schadenersatzrecht (2000) (in German).

7. Rosengarten J, Der Präventionsgedanke im deutschen Zivilrecht (NJW 1996) (in German).

8. Rosengarten J, Punitive damages und ihre Anerkennung und Vollstreckung im Bürgerlichen Recht (1994) (in German).

9. Westermann H P, Bydlinski P, Weber R, BGB-Schuldrecht Allgemeiner Teil (Schwerpunkte Pflichtfach 2013) (in German).

10. Bor’ba s finansirovaniem terrorizma. Rukovodstvo po podgotovke zakonodatel’nyh aktov (Mezhdunarodnyj Valjutnyj Fond 2003) (in Russian).

Edited books

11. Honsell H, ‘Der Strafgedanke im Zivilrecht – ein juristischer Atavismus’ Festschrift für Harm Peter Westermann: Zum 70. Geburtstag (L Aderhold, B Grunewald, D Klingberg, W G Paefgen ed, Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt 2008) (in German).

Journal articles

12. Barthon, ‘Pressefreiheit und Persönlichkeitsschutz’ (1995) AfP 452 (in German).

13. Bungert, ‘Vollstreckbarkeit US-amerikanischer Schadensersatzurteile in exorbitanter Höhe’ (1992) ZIP 1707 (in German).

14. Bydlinski F, ‘Die Suche nach der Mitte als Daueraufgabe der Privatrechtswissenschaft’ (2004) 204 AcP 309 (in German).

15. Honsell H, ‘Die Abwicklung sittenwidriger Darlehensverträge in rechtsvergleichender Sicht’ (1989) FS Giger 287 (in German).

16. Honsell H, ‘Die Erosion des Privatrechts durch das Europarecht’ (2008) 14 ZIP 621 (in German). 17. Honsell H, ‘Die Funktion des Schmerzensgeldes’ (1974) VersR 205 (in German).

18. Klass A B, ‘Punitive Damages and Valuing Harm’ (2007) 92 Minnesota Law Review 83 (in English).

19. Reynolds M O, ‘Using the Private Sector to Deter Crime’ (1994) 181 NCPA Policy Report 45 (in English).

20. Melnychuk O, ‘Pravovi zasoby ta sposoby zakhystu sub’iektyvnoho prava na osvitu’ (2011) 4 Advokat 23–7 (in Ukrainian).

 21. Moshak H, ‘Karalni elementy u pryvatnomu pravi FRN’ (2010) 1 Visnyk Akademii pravovykh nauk Ukrainy 226–34 (in Ukrainian).

22. Sibilov M, ‘Do pytannia pro pravovi zasoby sfery pryvatnoho prava’ [2001] 3 (26) Visnyk Akademii pravovykh nauk Ukrainy 140 (in Ukrainian).

Conference papers

23. Shyshka R, ‘Mekhanizm pravovoho rehuliuvannia pravovidnosyn u sferi intelektualnoi vlasnosti’ IT-pravo: problemy ta perspektyvy: zbirnyk mater. nauk.-prakt. konf. (NU “Lvivska politekhnika” 2016) 297–305 (in Ukrainian).

Websites

24. ‘Akademieausgabe von Immanuel Kants Gesammelten Werken Bande und Verknüpfungen zu den Inhaltsverzeichnissen’ <https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen. de/kant/verzeichnisse-gesamt.html> (accessed: 14.06.2021) (in German).

25. ‘Punitive damages’ (Legal Information Institute) <https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/ punitive_damages> (accessed: 14.06.2021) (in English).

26. ‘WJP Rule of Law Index. Ukraine’ <https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/ factors/2021/Ukraine> (accessed: 14.06.2021) (in English).

27. Kant I, ‘Die Metaphysik der Sitten’ <http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/ Kant,+Immanuel/Die+Metaphysik+der+Sitten> (accessed: 14.06.2021) (in German).