The article offers three perspectives on responsibility for Russia’s war against Ukraine, with an emphasis on state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility. First, an overview of the legal proceedings between Ukraine and Russia at the International Court of Justice is offered. Next, the role of the International Criminal Court in prosecuting individuals for alleged war crimes in the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine is discussed. Finally, a brief perspective on the proposed Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine is offered.

Bibliography

Authored books

1. Sayapin S, The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law: Historical Development, Comparative Analysis and Present State (T.M.C. Asser Press, Springer 2014).

Edited books

2. Korotkyi T, Hendel N, ‘The Legal Status of the Donetsk and Luhansk “Peoples’ Republics”’ in Sayapin S, Tsybulenko E (eds), The Use of Force against Ukraine and International Law: Jus Ad Bellum, Jus In Bello, Jus Post Bellum (T.M.C. Asser Press, Springer 2018) 145–70.

3. Tsybulenko E, Kelichavyi B, ‘International Legal Dimensions of the Russian Occupation of Crimea’ in S Sayapin, E Tsybulenko (eds), The Use of Force against Ukraine and International Law: Jus Ad Bellum, Jus In Bello, Jus Post Bellum (T.M.C. Asser Press, Springer 2018).

Journal articles

4. Sayapin S, ‘Russian Discourse on International Criminal Law’ (2022) 20 Journal of International Criminal Justice.

Websites

5. EU takes first step to use Russia’s frozen assets for Ukraine (Reuters, 12.02.2024) <https:// www.reuters.com/markets/europe/eu-gives-details-its-measures-regarding-russian-centralbankassets-2024-02-12> (accessed: 13.02.2024).

6. Heller KJ, ‘Creating a Special Tribunal for Aggression Against Ukraine Is a Bad Idea’ (Opiniojuris, 07.03.2022) <http://opiniojuris.org/2022/03/07/creating-a-special-tribunal-foraggressionagainst-ukraine-is-a-bad-idea> (accessed: 13.02.2024).

7. Milanovic M, ‘ICJ Delivers Preliminary Objections Judgment in the Ukraine v. Russia Genocide Case, Ukraine Loses on the Most Important Aspects’ (EJIL:Talk!, 02.02.2024) <https://www.ejiltalk.org/icj-delivers-preliminary-objections-judgment-in-the-ukraine-vrussiagenocide-case-ukraine-loses-on-the-most-important-aspects> (accessed: 13.02.2024).

8. Sayapin S, ‘Russia’s Withdrawal of Signature from the Rome Statute Would Not Shield its Nationals from Potential Prosecution at the ICC’ (EJIL:Talk!, 21.10.2016) <http://www. ejiltalk.org/russias-withdrawal-of-signature-from-the-rome-statute-would-not-shield-itsnationalsfrom-potential-prosecution-at-the-icc/#more-14774> (accessed: 11.02.2024).

9. Stefanelli JN, ‘ICJ Delivers Judgment in Ukraine v. Russia Case Concerning Terrorism Financing and CERD’ (The American Society of International Law, 31.01.2024) <https:// www.asil.org/ILIB/icj-delivers-judgment-ukraine-v-russia-case-concerning-terrorismfinancingand-cerd?fbclid=IwAR0PT4cej9F2SvtLMxmhH4BYYRRXXqQCMbmpTCHzyfj qC-997rhwnfplrVg> (accessed: 13.02.2024).

10. ‘Vstrecha Prezydenta Rossyy Vladymyra Putyna y detskoho ombudsmena Maryy LvovoiBelovoi’ (Youtube, 31.01.2023) <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjzmnLSjq74> (accessed: 13.02.2024).