The article is devoted to the study of public law as a general legal foundation for the regulation and protection of public interests, as well as to an analysis of its interrelation with one of its branches – criminal law. The relevance of this research is determined by objective factors, particularly the pivotal role of public law in establishing the legal boundaries of state functioning (including the activities of public institutions), promoting sustainable societal development, safeguarding fundamental human rights and freedoms, and ensuring the proper protection of public interests. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mutual influence between public and criminal law, and to elucidate the foundations and conditions for their coordinated regulation. The study examines the essential features and characteristics of public law (in a general legal context) and criminal law (in a branch-specific context), including their subject matter, objectives, functions, and methods. It further identifies the directions of their integration into a unified system for protecting public order and fundamental social goods. The identification of these characteristics constitutes a principal substantive and methodological approach, as it enables a deeper understanding of their essence, internal logic, and interconnections across different levels of legal regulation, thereby contributing to a more profound comprehension of the nature of law in general. The article substantiates that the harmonization of public law and criminal law principles is one of the key prerequisites for the development of a civilized society. Additionally, it outlines certain conditions and trends in the contemporary development of public and criminal law.

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