The article examines the development of U.S. case law on the copyright protection related to the use of artificial intelligence. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that in the USA a large-scale private sector artificial intelligence infrastructure project – “Stargate” was announced, which combines the efforts of Softbank, OpenAI, and Oracle to build data processing centers in the United States to ensure the operation of artificial intelligence. Initial investments in the project will amount to $100 billion, with plans to increase this to $500 billion over the next four years. The first data processing center under this initiative will be built in Texas, and it will later expand to other states. This, combined with rather soft legal regulations of the development and use of artificial intelligence – especially compared to the European Union – makes the U.S. jurisdiction attractive for implementing innovative solutions in this field.

The purpose of the article is to examine U.S. case law regarding copyright protection related to the use of artificial intelligence.

The article analyzes key court cases, categorizing them by the types of claims related to: authorship attribution (Thaler v. Perlmutter, Allen v. Perlmutter); unlawful use of copyrighted works in training datasets (Thomson Reuters v. Ross Intelligence, Doe 1 v. GitHub, Andersen v. Stability AI Ltd., Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc., Tremblay v. OpenAI, Inc., Raw Story Media, Inc. v. OpenAI Inc., The Intercept Media, Inc. v. OpenAI, Inc.).

 The conclusions emphasize that although many disputes are at the stage of consideration in either the first instance or appellate courts, interim decisions in these cases noticeable impact not only the application of relevant legal norms in similar cases but also set trends for the development of legal regulation in the creation and use of artificial intelligence. The most complex issues faced by the parties in these disputes include determining: the degree of user (human) influence on the artificial intelligence tool when creating works in literature, art, and science; the lawfulness of using copyrighted works in training datasets.

Bibliography

Authored books

1.Posykaliuk O, Osobysti nemainovi prava fizychnykh osib v romanskii, hermanskii, anhloamerykanskii systemakh pryvatnoho prava (Naukovo-doslidnyi instytut pryvatnoho prava i pidpryiemnytstva NAPrN Ukrainy 2011) 31–32 (in Ukrainian).

Journal articles

 2.Kulinich O, Kondyk D, ‘Vplyv shtuchnoho intelektu na kryterii oryhinalnosti v avtorskomu pravi’ [2023] 3–4(93–94) Universytetski naukovi zapysky 43–56 (in Ukrainian).

Newspaper articles

 3. Dumas B, ‘Trump announces largest AI infrastructure project ‘in history’ involving Softbank, OpenAI and Oracle’ (FOX News Network January 21, 2025) <https://www. foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-announces-major-ai-infrastructure-investment> (accessed 27.02.2025).

4. Poritz I, ‘OpenAI Faces Early Appeal in First AI Copyright Suit from Coders’ (Bloomberg Law News, Sept. 30, 2024) <https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/openai-faces-earlyappealin-first-ai-copyright-suit-from-coders> (accessed 27.02.2025).

5. Ross Intelligence Appeals Copyright Ruling in Thomson Reuters Case (April 8, 2025) <https://nquiringminds.com/ai-legal-news/Ross-Intelligence-Appeals-Copyright-Ruling-inThomson-Reuters-Case> (accessed 27.02.2025).

6. Krat V, Holubovskyi I, ‘Shtuchnyi intelekt i sudochynstvo’ (Iurydychna Hazeta 18 kvitnia 2024) <https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/sudova-praktika/shtuchniy-intelekt-isudochinstvo. html> (accessed 27.02.2025) (in Ukrainian).

Websites

7. Copyright and Artificial Intelligence Part 2: Copyrightability. A report of the register of copyrights (January 2025) <https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-ArtificialIntelligence-Part-2-Copyrightability-Report.pdf> (accessed 27.02.2025).