The article deals with property rights to the real estate. Question on the legal nature of property rights remains controversial. The article discloses issues of acquiring property rights in civil turnover based on the contract. The author investigated the significance of the contract as a legal act for the emergence of property rights. The article depicts the procedure of state registration of property rights to real estate and its legal consequences. The author proves the property rights to real estate to emerge based on juridical facts: legal document confirming the origin of the right and state registration of property right.