the article analyses the historical stages of development of military courts on the territory of Ukraine, the reasons for their liquidation and the expediency of their restoration in wartime conditions, as well as the international experience of their functioning in other countries of the world.

It was emphasized that the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine led to a significant increase in the number of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. At the same time, this made it necessary to further increase the quality of their organization, strengthening of military discipline, regarding the guarantees of social protection of servicemen and their family members. Thus, the issue of creating military courts as an integral and necessary component of military justice in wartime conditions requires a quick and radical action.

 The purpose of the article is to analyse the international standards and case law, to identify the main problems of the liquidation and restoration of military courts, proposals regarding the model of functioning of military courts in wartime.

It was concluded that the liquidation of military courts was premature and erroneous, their restoration should take place considering the court system that operated until 2010. At the initial stage, it is necessary to introduce specialization of judges of particular courts, where there is such a need. The functioning of military justice must be provided by specialists with special training who will be able to solve the assigned tasks, fully implement their functions and powers. Therefore, the main reason for the restoration of military courts is to ensure unbiased and objective justice for military servicemen.

It is noted that international and European judicial standards allow the functioning of military courts under the conditions that their jurisdiction should be limited to cases related to the military, and the judicial procedure will take place in compliance with the principles of independence and impartiality of judicial proceedings.

Bibliography

Authored books

1. Karpachova N, Pershij Ombudsman Ukrayini na zahisti prav lyudini: Zb. dokumentiv. 1998–2006. Upovnovazhenij Verhovnoyi Radi Ukrayini z prav lyudini (Azimut-Ukrayina 2007) (in Ukrainian). 2. Vashakmadze M, Osoblivosti vijskovoyi yusticiyi: praktichne kerivnictvo (DCAF 2018) (in Ukrainian).

Edited and translated books

3. Kirkichenko Yu, Do istoriyi ukrayinskogo vijskovogo sudivnictva. Za derzhavnist: materiali do istoriyi Vijska Ukrayinskogo. Zbirnik 6 (Kalish 1936) (in Ukrainian).

4. Sudebnye sistemy evropejskih stran: spravochnik (per s fr i angl, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya 2002) (in Russian). 5. Yevropejski ta mizhnarodni standarti u sferi sudochinstva (2015) (in Ukrainian).

Journal articles

6. Rum’yancev V, ‘Sudova sistema v Ukrayinskij derzhavi getmana P. Skoropadskogo’ [2001] 2 (25) Visnik akademiyi pravovih nauk Ukrayini 77–89 (in Ukrainian).

Conference papers

7. Ostapenko I, ‘Pravovi aspekti vidnovlennya vijskovogo sudochinstva v Ukrayini’ Sistema vijskovoyi yusticiyi u zabezpechenni nacionalnoyi bezpeki Ukrayini: zbirnik materialiv mizhnarodnoyi naukovo-praktichnoyi konferenciyi (ArtEk 2019) 108–11 (in Ukrainian).

8. Vijskove pravosuddya v Ukrayini: aktualni problemi organizaciyi ta zdijsnennya: materiali Kruglogo stolu (Yuridichna dumka 2017) 108 (in Ukrainian).

Newspaper articles

9. Kravchenko S, ‘Mi povinni zosereditis na osnovnij funkciyi – zdijsnenni pravosuddya’ (Yuridichna praktika, 26.06.2023) <https://pravo.ua/my-povynni-zoseredytys-naosnovniifunktsii-zdiisnenni-pravosuddia-holova-verkhovnoho-sudu-stanislavkravchenko/> (accessed: 01.07.2023) (in Ukrainian).

10. Matola V, ‘Golova Radi suddiv – pro robotu sudiv pid chas vijni, konkurs do VKKS, spravi shodo voyennih zlochiniv ta suddiv na fronti’ <https://suspilne.media/466199golova-radi-suddiv-pro-robotu-sudiv-pid-cas-vijni-konkurs-do-vkks-spravi-sodovoennihzlociniv-ta-suddiv-na-fronti/> (accessed: 01.07.2023) (in Ukrainian).

Websites

11. Niyakoyi rosiyi tut buti ne mozhe, poki ya zhivij yiyi tut i ne bude: interv’yu suddi Verhovnogo Sudu Oleksandra Mamaluya (01.06.2022) <https://supreme.court.gov.ua/ supreme/pres-centr/zmi/1280418/> (accessed: 27.06.2023) (in Ukrainian).

12. Vijskovi sudi v Ukrayini proponuyetsya likviduvati cherez superechnist yih isnuvannya vitchiznyanomu ta mizhnarodnomu zakonodavstvu: Pres-sluzhba Ministerstva yusticiyi Ukrayini <https://minjust.gov.ua/news/ministry/viyskovi-sudi-v-ukrainiproponuetsyalikviduvati-cherez-superechnist-ih-isnuvannya-vitchiznyanomu-tamijnarodnomuzakonodavstvu-5429#> (accessed: 27.06.2023) (in Ukrainian).

13. Zaprovadzhennya institutu vijskovih sudiv v Ukrayini: kruglij stil u Komiteti Verhovnoyi Radi Ukrayini z pitan pravovoyi politiki ta pravosuddya (09.09.2015) <https:// kompravpol.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/30590.pdf> (accessed: 27.06.2023) (in Ukrainian).