| Annotation |
The article verifies the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (CCU) which, upon the introduction of constitutional complaint, implies the imposition of excessive restrictions on access to constitutional justice. The author analyzes the nature of human rights and freedoms from the perspective of respect for human dignity as the major constitutional value, and on this basis reviews the main criteria for admissibility of constitutional complaints. The issues pertaining to the consideration of constitutional complaints are analyzed in the context of negative and positive obligations of the State, and depending on this the conclusion is made whether an infringement of a right as the fundamental right is essential. The purpose of the article is to highlight the doctrinal issues pertaining to the introduction of the constitutional complaint in light of constitutional values and principles. These issues are considered in the context of the integral, autonomous, dynamic, and internationally conformal interpretation of the constitution as an “open” legal matter based on the principles of legal syllogism. The author contests the understanding of human rights as a closed system of concepts and the concept of constitutional justice as “the court of law” and formulates the approach to the integral and value-based understanding of human rights in dealing with constitutional complaints. For legal argumentation of the CCU decisions, compliance with the rules of legal syllogism is essential, and this syllogism has a triple nature given the nature of constitutional justice: 1) to determine the set of facts of a case taking into account the requirements of establishing the constitutionality of the procedure for adoption of a legal act; 2) to what extent an infringement of a subjective public right is significant and crucial for the national legal system; 3) subsidiarity of the constitutional complaint in the systematics of legal protection. To understand the fundamental nature of the right which the claimant asserts before the Court, the vertical and horizontal structure of the right is important: 1) the vertical structure of human rights characterizes the relations between the State and an individual and in view of these relations the State has the duty to protect an individual against infringements by other public authorities or third persons, and also to provide access to certain material and spiritual goods; 2) the horizontal structure of human rights determines the understanding of the constitution as legal order which establishes the guarantees of relations between private individuals based on the principles of equivalence and equality. This will allow the claimants to prove to the CCU that there is an infringement of their subjective public right as the right fundamental and essential for the legal system. |
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References
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List of legal documents
Legislation
1. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy [Constitution of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 28 chervnia 1996 r. № 254k/96-VR (u redaktsii vid 2 chervnia 2016 r.). URL:
http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80 (accessed:
12.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
2. Pro Konstytutsiinyi Sud Ukrainy [On Constitutional Court of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 13 lypnia 2017 r. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/2136-19 (accessed: 12.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
3. Pro Upovnovazhenoho Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy z prav liudyny [About the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Human Rights]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 23 hrudnia 1997 r. № 776/97-VR. URL: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/776/97-%D0%B2%D1%80 (accessed: 12.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
4. Zemelnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Land Code of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy [the Law of Ukraine] vid 25 zhovtnia 2001 r. № 2768-III. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768-14 (accessed: 12.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
Cases
5. European Court of Human Right, Shmushkovych v Ukraine, App. No. 3276/10, Judgment on 14 Novenmer 2013 URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-128050 accessed 18 December 2018 (in English).
6. European Court of Justice, Opinion 2/13 on the Court (Full Court), 18 December 2014. accessed 18 December 2018 (in English).
7. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 2 lystopada 2004 r. № 15-rp/2004. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v015p710-04 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
8. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 1 chervnia 2016 r. № 2-rp/2016. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v002p710-16 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
9. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 22 travnia 2018 r. № 5-r/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/ dokument/5-r2018 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
10. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 9 liutoho 1999 r. № 1-рп/99. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ v001p710-99 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
11. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 25 bereznia 1998 r. № 3-рп. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ v003p710-98 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
12. Ukhvala Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 16 lypnia 2018 р. № 26-u(ii)/2018. URL: http://ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/ files/docs/26-yii_2018.pdf (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
13. Ukhvala Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 10 lypnia 1998 r. № 41-у. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ v041u710-98 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
14. Ukhvala Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 21 zhovtnia 1997 r. № 53-у. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ vz53u710-97 (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
15. Ukhvala Velykoi palaty Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Grand Chamber of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 1 lystopada 2018 r. № 67-u/2018. URL: http://ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/67_y_2018.pdf (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrai nian).
16. Ukhvala Velykoi palaty Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Grand Chamber of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 5 serpnia 2018 r. № 31-у/2018. URL: http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/31-y_2018.pdf (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrainian).
17. Ukhvala Velykoi palaty Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy [Ruling of the Grand Chamber of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine] vid 29 serpnia 2018 r. № 50-у/2018. URL: http://ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/50-y_2018.pdf (accessed: 18.12.2018) (in Ukrai nian).
Bibliography
Authored books
18. Shevchuk S, Osnovy konstytutsiyniyi yurisprudentsii [Basic of Constitutional Jurisprudence] (Ukrainskyi Centr Pravnychykh studiy 2001) (in Ukrainian).
Edited books
19. Lothar Michael and Martin Morlok, Grundrechte. 6. Auflage (Nomos Verlagsgesselschaft 2017) (in German).
20. Isensee I i Kirchhof (eds), Gosudarstvennoe parvo Germanii [German State Law] (IGP RAN 1994) (in Russian).
Journal articles
21. Guenther Teubner, ‘Horizontal Effect of Constitutional Rights: A Legal Case on the Digital Constitution’ [2017] 03(01) The Italian Law Journal 193-205 (in English).
22. Lottie Lane, ‘The Horizontal Effect of International human rights law in practice: A Comparative Analysis of the General Comments and Jurisprudence of Selected United Nations Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Bodies’ [2018] 5(1) European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 5-88 (in English).
23. Birmontene T i Yarashyunas E i Spruogis E , ‘General`ny doklad XIV Kongressa Konferencii evropeiskikh konstitucionnykh sudov’ [General Report XIV of the Congress of European Court`s Conference] [2008] 2(40)–3(41) Konstitucionnoe pravosudie: Vestnik organov konstutucionnoho controlya stran molodoy demokratii 70-245 (in Russian).
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